01_Ashleigh

Patterns In Nature- Ashleigh


 * [] <--- brainpop mitosis

Compare the roles of the respiratory system, circulatory system, and excretory systems**


 * Respiratory System || Circulatory System || Excretory System ||
 * The respiratory system's function is to allow gas exchange to all parts of the body. The system when you breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. For example humans and complex animals like dogs. || Circulatory system is when organs are involved in pumping blood, nutrients, gasses, amino acids and electrodes around the body. For example pumping blood around the body to the brain and lungs. || Excretory system eliminates waste from the body. The system includes kidneys, bladder and eliminates waste. ||


 * Compare open and closed circulatory systems using one vertebra, and one invertebrate as examples**
 * Open circulatory System || Closed Circulatory System ||
 * Most invertebrate animals for example crustaceans, insects and molecules have an open circulatory system. Blood diffuses back into the circulatory system between cells, and then pumped by the heart into the cavities where tissue surrounds the blood. || Most vertebrae’s have a closed circulatory system. The closed system has all the blood closed at all times with different vessels with different wall thicknesses. This system allows the body to pump blood by the heart then circulate it around the body. ||


 * || Mammalian Carnivore || Mammalian Grazing Herbivore  || Mammalian Nectar Feeder  ||
 * Examples of animals in this group || Lions || //* Note that grazing herbivores (Ruminants, eg. Cow) have a more complex digestive system than those of other herbivores (eg. Rabbit, horse) // ||  ||
 * Chemicals common in foods ingested by animal ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Diagram of digestive system (cut & paste from internet) ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Comparison of system parts – teeth || Foodstuffs are broken down mechanically by chewing and saliva is added as a lubricant. In some species, saliva contains amylase, an enzyme that digests starch. || Carnivores have shorter digestive tracts as they can quickly obtain nutrients from the meat they consume. They have a relatively small caecum as their diet only consists of small amounts of plant material. ||  ||
 * Comparison of system parts – stomach(s) || enzymatic digestion of proteins initiated and foodstuffs reduced to liquid form. ||  ||   ||
 * Comparison of system parts – small intestine || this is where the final stages of chemical enzyme digestion occur and where almost all nutrients are absorbed. ||  ||   ||
 * Comparison of system parts – Caecum ||  ||   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Comparison of system parts – Large Intestine || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 8.5pt; line-height: 115%;">is absorbed, bacterial fermentation takes place and feces are formed. || <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 8pt;">Human digestive systems can best be described as a herbivorous digestive system because of its length and the ability for humans to survive solely on food from a vegetation base. ||  ||

Mammal digestive system- starts at the slavery gland and then down the esophagus which is the link between the mouth and the stomach. When food reaches the stomach enzymes break them down into liquid Stomach- enzymatic digestion of proteins initiated and foodstuffs reduced to liquid form. Small intestine -this is where the final stages of chemical enzyme digestion occur and where almost all nutrients are absorbed.
 * Describe the role of teeth in increasing the surface area of complex foods for exposure to digestive chemicals**

Answers are in the table
 * Identify data sources, gather, process, analyse and present information from secondary sources and use available evidence to compare the digestive systems of mammals, including a grazing herbivore, carnivore and a predominantly nectar feeding animal**


 * Question: Distinguish between autotrophs and heterotrophs in terms of nutrient requirements**


 * Answer:** Autotrophs are plant cells; where as animal cells are heterotrophic. Autotrophic means ‘self feeding’, plants that contain chloroplast are able to produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis, animals do not contain chloroplasts and therefore must obtain their food source from there external environment. Heterotrophs rely on autotrophs.
 * Question: Identify the materials required for photosynthesis**
 * Answer :**A plant can only photosynthesis if it can obtain carbon dioxide, water and light from the external environment.
 * Question: Identify the role of photosynthesis in ecosystems**
 * Answer:** All living things ultimately depend on the process of photosynthesis, which provides the continuous input of the energy required to sustain an ecosystem.

<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt;">• Be able to list the major functions of each of the four major animal tissue types. • Distinguish between simple and stratified epithelial tissue. • Compare and contrast the different types of connective tissues: loose, dense, fibrous, cartilage, bone, blood, adipose. Be able to list the function of each type. • Know the three types of muscle and be able to differentiate them visually and according to their functions. • Be able to diagram a typical neuron and its three areas: dendrite, axon, and cell body. • Know the characteristics of the various types of animal tissues. Learn the types of cells that compose each tissue type and be able to give some examples of organs that contain significant amounts of each tissue type. • Detail the functions carried out by epithelial tissue and state the general location of each type. • Be able to discuss the meaning of the term gland, cite three examples of glands, and state the extracellular products secreted by each.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 11pt;">Learning Objectives **

• Describe the basic features of connective tissue, and explain how the cells of this tissue type enable connective tissue to carry out its various tasks. • List three of the functions of blood. • List two functions of bone and/or cartilage. • Distinguish among skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissues in terms of location, structure, and function. • Muscle tissues contain specialized cells that can contract. • Neurons are organized as lines of communication